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Present Perfect

What is the Present Perfect?

The Present Perfect connects a past action or experience to the present moment. Use it when the exact past time is unspecified, when the result of the action matters now, or when describing life experience. It is formed with have/has + past participle.

Formula

Affirmative

S + have / has + past participle (PP)

Negative

S + have not (haven't) / has not (hasn't) + PP

Question

Have / Has + S + PP + ?

Continuous

S + have / has + been + V-ing (focus on ongoing duration)

When to Use

•
Experience (ever/never): Describes whether an action has happened at any point in one's life.
•
Recent action with present result: The past action has a visible impact on the current situation.
•
Unfinished time period: Use with 'today', 'this week', 'this year' when the period is not yet over.
•
Duration from past to now: Use 'for' (length of time) or 'since' (starting point) to show how long a situation has lasted.

Signal Words

justalreadyyeteverneverrecentlylatelyso farup to nowsinceforthis weekthis yearstill

Example Sentences

The development team has tested the new module since last Tuesday.

Have you ever attended an international conference?

She has already submitted her report.

We have not received a response from the client yet.

They have been working on the proposal for three days.

Has the board approved the new budget?

I have just spoken to the customer — the issue is resolved.

The company has expanded into three new markets this year.

He has never missed a deadline in five years.

Sales have increased significantly so far this quarter.

Common Mistakes

I have seen him yesterday.

I saw him yesterday.

Use Past Simple — not Present Perfect — when a specific past time is stated.

She has worked here since three years.

She has worked here for three years.

Use 'for' with a duration, 'since' with a point in time.

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Present Perfect — Ngữ pháp TOEIC | CÀY TOEIC